Fruit IPM Advisory Fruit 2018

Greater Peachtree Borer, San Jose Scale

In this Issue

APPLE, PEAR

Codling Moth

Note the time gap between end of first generation and start of second generation (on the table in the link below).

View a pdf of the spray timing table. Be sure to read the instructions at the top of the page, for how to read the table.

At most sites, codling moths are finishing up the “period of greatest egg hatch,” where 75% of all eggs for the first generation are hatching. In high population areas, time your last spray of the first generation to protect fruit up to the end of egg hatch as shown on the table.

Your next application should occur at the date for the start of second generation egg hatch, or if you can tolerate higher injury or have a low population, apply your next spray at the start of “second generation peak egg hatch”.

Treatment

San Jose Scale

San Jose scale bodies can be rubbed off of fruit for home consumption, but fruit is unacceptable for the retail market.

Scales are immobile insects with a hard “shell.”  They feed on tree sap through a straw-like mouthpart. They are often difficult to see with the naked eye; a 10-20x hand lens helps.

San Jose scale (SJS) primarily occurs on apple. It looks like a small pimple or large pepper flake.  It can be found on fruit, twigs, scaffold branches, and the main trunk.

If your trees have SJS and you applied a dormant oil spray, most overwintering adults will have survived that spray. Therefore, a treatment targeting newly hatched nymphs (called crawlers) will need to be applied. Each adult female lays about 200 eggs.  The crawlers walk or are windblown to new sites to settle on twigs or fruit, insert their mouthparts, and feed for the remainder of their lives. Once they form their hard outer covering, they are more resistant to pesticides.

If the scale population is left untreated, the fruit becomes small and deformed. The tree loses vigor and branches may start to die. It is primarily a problem in standard-sized, poorly pruned trees.

Treatment timing windows:

  • Cache and northern Box Elder counties, and high elevation areas: June 27 – 30
  • Warmer Wasatch Front locations:  June 20 – 21
  • Cooler Wasatch Front locations:  June 23 – 24
  • Carbon and Iron counties:  June 20 – 21

Residential Materials to use:

  • Organic:  insecticidal soap (apply three times 5 days apart); horticultural oil (apply 3 times 5-7 days apart)
  • Conventional:  Ortho Flower, Fruit & Vegetable (apply once); Spectracide Triazicide (apply once)

Commercial Materials to Use:

PEACH/NECTARINE, APRICOT

Greater Peachtree Borer

Spray lower trunks in Wasatch Front, Iron County, and northern Washington County locations now

This greater peachtree borer larva killed this small apricot.

The greater peachtree borer is a moth, and we had our first report of this insect over the weekend.  Spraying the lower trunks (10″ up plus exposed roots) with an insecticide will kill any eggs that are laid by the female moths.  Otherwise, a larva will hatch and immediately bore into the tree trunk and feed on the inner bark and cambium.

There they stay until the following spring.  This is when people notice gumming mixed with frass at the base of the trunk, or even just below the soil line.

Timing for Other locations:

  • Cache:  July 1
  • Wasatch Front, cooler areas:  June 27

Treatment:

  • Residential:  permethrin, such as Hi Yield:  Apply at the appropriate timing, and repeat once per month, with the last application in September.
    • Organic options are products that contain either pyrethrin or azadirachtin (BioNeem), but need to be applied weekly.
  • Commercialclick here

Peach Twig Borer

First generation egg hatch is ending soon in certain locations.

After fruit softens, twig borer larvae will enter the fruit to feed.

View a pdf of the spray timing table.

Second generation of peach twig borer egg hatch will begin in mid-July for most areas. Fruit becomes more susceptible to attack by twig borer larvae when it is softer, and one application at the beginning of second generation should suffice for most areas.

Treatment

CHERRY

Western Cherry Fruit Fly

A single infested fruit in processed cherries can be devastating for a commercial producer.

Sweet cherries are near ripe in certain areas while tart cherries have a few weeks to go.  If you need to spray your ripening cherries one last time before harvest, be mindful of the pre-harvest interval, whether you are a farmer or homeowner.

Treatment Options – Backyard Growers

Conventional:

  • Malathion (malathion): pre-harvest interval is 14 days
  • Ortho Flower, Fruit, and Veg. (acetamiprid): Only the concentrate container includes cherry on the label; pre-harvest interval is 10 days
  • Garden Tech Sevin (cyfluthrin); pre-harvest interval is 14 days
  • Bonide Fruit Tree Spray (carbaryl): pre-harvest interval is 14 days
  • Spectracide Triazicide (gamma-cyhalothrin): pre-harvest interval is 14 days

Organic:

  • Fertilome / Gardens Alive / Bull’s Eye / Monterey (spinosad): pre-harvest interval is 7 days
  • Safer BioNEEM (azadirachtin): every 7 to 10 days; pre-harvest interval is 0 days
Treatment – Commercial Growers